A state church does not exist in Germany (see Freedom of religion in Germany). p. 52. Germany population pyramid … Germany's ageing population and struggling economy strained the welfare system in the 1990s, so the government adopted a wide-ranging programme of belt-tightening reforms, Agenda 2010, including the labour-market reforms known as Hartz concept. Nowadays,[when?] Brandenburgish is almost completely replaced by the Berlin regiolect. Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011 and in 2017 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.7%. While most of these immigrants initially arrived as guest workers, Germany has also been a prime destination for refugees who have applied for asylum in Germany, in part because the German constitution has long had a clause guaranteeing political asylum as a human right; but restrictions over the years have since limited the scope of this guarantee. The general entrance requirement for university is Abitur, a qualification normally based on continuous assessment during the last few years at school and final examinations; however there are a number of exceptions, and precise requirements vary, depending on the state, the university and the subject. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. Age structure of the population in Germany . In 2004, twice as many Jews from former Soviet republics settled in Germany as in Israel, bringing the total inflow to more than 100,000 since 1991. Density: person/km². School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): 16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, and Thueringen refer to themselves as free states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat), while Bremen calls itself a Free Hanseatic City (Freie Hansestadt) and Hamburg considers itself a Free and Hanseatic City (Freie und Hansestadt), 18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed on 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; West Germany and East Germany unified on 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights on 15 March 1991; notable earlier dates: 10 August 843 (Eastern Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 2 February 962 (crowning of OTTO I, recognized as the first Holy Roman Emperor). However, there has been a strong increase in the number of children living in poverty. Older People in Germany . Since the end of World War II, the number of students entering university has more than tripled, and the trade and technical schools are among the world's best. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. Danish, Low German, Low Rhenish, the Sorbian languages (Lower Sorbian and Upper Sorbian), and the two Frisian languages, Saterfrisian and North Frisian, are officially recognized and protected as minority languages by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in their respective regions. The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. August 2000, Stephan Lanz: "Berlin aufgemischt — abendländisch — multikulturell — kosmopolitisch? The 14th coordinated population projection of the official statistics covers the period up to 2060. Nowadays, they are spread all over Germany, mostly living in major cities. Jg., Band 2, Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich, Bundesintitut für Bevölkerungsforschung 2012. [37], Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. As of 2012, the largest sources of net immigration to Germany are other European countries, most importantly Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Greece; notably, in the case of Turkey, German Turks moving to Turkey slightly outnumber new immigrants. [54] Female guest workers had to sign contracts saying that they were not allowed to fall pregnant during their stay. [90][91] 1.9% of the country's overall population declare themselves Orthodox Christians,[82] with Serbs, Greeks, Montenegrins, Ukrainians and Russians being the most numerous. Population statistics since 1900. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. This has been attributed to a "demographic shock": people not only had fewer children, they were also less likely to marry or divorce after the end of the GDR; the biographic options of the citizens of the former GDR had increased. [36], Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review. No data was ever collected on the actual number of speakers, but today the number of speakers ranges around 5 million persons. [45], As of 2017[update], the population by background was as follows:[47], Simone Hauswald has Migrationshintergrund due to one side of her parents being foreign-born, Mesut Özil is classified as having a migrant background because both of his parents were born in Turkey. Download. Young motherhood seemed to be less attractive and the age of the first birth rose sharply. [55] This is one of the reasons why the vast majority of ethnic minorities today lives in western Germany and also one of the reasons why minorities such as the Vietnamese have the most unusual population pyramid, with nearly all second-generation Vietnamese Germans born after 1989. There are also many assimilated Sinti and Roma. Estimates for the impact of these raids on the population offer the figure of 6,000 dead. Alterspyramide Quakenbrück 2008.png 428 × 389; 10 KB. As of 2019[update], the numbers of selected groups of resident foreign nationals (non-naturalized residents) in Germany were as follows:[57]. Hence, the exact number of Germans of African descent is unknown. About 25% of Italian women do not have children while another 25% only have one child. While Eastfalian has lost speakers to Standard German, Westfalian has lost speakers to Standard German and Standard German based regiolect of the Rhine-Ruhr area. Neue Daten zur Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland. Low Saxon is officially recognized as a language on its own, but despite this fact, there's little official action taken on fostering the language. Germany officially has eleven metropolitan regions. The language is not fixed as part of the school curriculum and Low Saxon is used as a medium of instruction in one school only in the whole Germany (as a "model project" in primary school sided by education in Standard German). After 1997, however ethnic Slavs or those belonging to Slavic-Germanic mixed origins outnumbered these with only Germanic descent amongst the immigrants. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) Almost all of Germany's big banks and the, Hamburg is the country's second largest city and the biggest, Stuttgart has a reputation for research, inventions and industry. In some regions the number of women between the ages of 20 and 30 has dropped by more than 30%. The largest ethnic group of non-German origin are the Turkish. [41] In 2015, 36% children under 5 years old had migrant background. It does not represent the number of people who view themselves as German. Schwerpunktheft der Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 25. Population Pyramids: Romania - 2016. Pressemitteilung Nr.105 vom 11 March 2008, This number represents the number of people without "immigrant background", meaning people with two parents of mostly or full German ancestry.

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