So, by 1721, all preparations were made to announce the new status of the Russian state and its sovereign. 19 November] 1825, the royal guards swore allegiance to the presumed heir, Alexander's brother Constantine. The powers of the Senate expanded extremely rapidly. When learning of the location of some of the arrested men, the United Slavs freed them by force. [citation needed] Because of increasing hostility, he was forced to flee into exile. [8], In 1816, several officers of the Imperial Russian Guard founded a society known as the Union of Salvation, or of the Faithful and True Sons of the Fatherland. It originally housed the Moscow branch of the Governing Senate, the highest judiciary and legislative office of Imperial Russia. All throughout Siberia, the Decembrists sparked an intellectual awakening: literary writings, propaganda, newspapers, and books from European Russia began to circulate the eastern provinces, the local population developing a capacity for critical political observation. This page was last edited on 24 June 2020, at 23:49. To avoid the slaughter, the rebels broke and ran. How did it happen? Vosstanie dekabristov) took place in Imperial Russia on 26 December [O.S. Their presence was most definitely felt culturally and economically, political activity being so far removed from the "pulse of national life" so as to be negligible. Speransky's role increased greatly in 1808. [1] The abolition of serfdom in the Baltic provinces was instituted between 1816 and 1819. Russian army officers led about 3,000 soldiers in a protest against Tsar Nicholas I's assumption of the throne the day before, as his elder brother Constantine had removed himself from the line of succession. Those that survived went to Siberia on foot, chained alongside common criminals. It is an amusing invention. "Russia's December Revolution, 1825", This page was last edited on 11 November 2020, at 21:55. //decabristy- Arman, This article is about the Russian revolt. At the same time, a rebelling squad of grenadiers, led by Lieutenant Nikolay Panov, entered the Winter Palace but failed to seize it and retreated. The uprising was the first open breach between the government and reformist elements of the Russian nobility, which would subsequently widen. С.134. The question of proclaiming Peter the Emperor of Russia was first officially raised just four days before the solemn ceremony, on October 18th, 1721, by the members of the Most Holy Synod (the governing body of Russian Orthodox Church). [5] The constitution written by Nikita Muravyov was highly similar to the United States Constitution. Empress Catherine II had a suspicious vision of the Senate as for her it resembled the Boyar Duma. [42], With the failure of the Decembrists, Russia's autocracy would continue for almost a century, although serfdom would be officially abolished in 1861 and the parliaments in Russia and Finland would be established in 1905. Not only did the title aim at identifying the new Russia with European political tradition, but it also bespoke the new conception of rulership and of political authority that Peter wanted to implant: that the sovereign…. At the end of her reign, Elizabeth also established a kind of permanent council or cabinet for planning and coordination—the Special Conference at the Imperial Court. The building consists of two 100-meter-long blocks joined by a triumphal arch, which leads through from Senatskaya Ploshchad to Galernaya Ulitsa. This society joined the Southern Society and adopted its program in exchange for the recognition of the Slavic federation zeal by the Southern society in September 1825 .[12][13]. [26] Concentration facilitated the guarding of prisoners, but it also allowed the Decembrists to continue to exist as a community. [9]), After a mutiny in the Semenovsky Regiment in 1820, the society decided to suspend activity in 1821. He included many Decembrists who had joined his forces on the Senate Squire and did not support the revolt finally in spite of their participation in Decembrist meetings into his government (such as Benkendorf, appointed to supervise the human rights, Muraviev-Vilensky and others). Admiralteyskaya Naberezhnaya (Admiralty Embankment). In the late 1800s, Russia was the largest country in the world. In Europe, the rights to grant titles such as counts and princes belonged to Emperors. In Russia: Elizabeth (1741–62) …was the restoration of the Senate to its earlier function of chief policy-making and supervising body. Tsar Alexander I was influenced by ideas of Peter the Great and contemplated restoration of the Senate’s rights. In 1763 Catherine II reformed senatorial paperwork. The anecdote could appear only after the revolt when the Russian language had changed. These discussions resulted in a new decree on institution of the Senate of 1802. The expression Decembrist wife is a Russian symbol of the devotion of a wife to her husband. Later executed for the assassination of general Miloradovich and colonel Sturler and for his ideas to kill an emperor and his family Pyotr Kakhovsky in a letter to General Levashev, mentioned the anecdote and denied it, emphasizing that soldiers wanted Constantin as an emperor and he and they cried "Constantin". It is now home to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, and to the Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. Письма. Other exiles preferred to remain in Siberia after their sentences were served, preferring its relative freedom to the stifling intrigues of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and after years of exile there was not much for them to return to. During the reign of Peter the Great the Senate was a supreme representative body, entrusted by the Emperor with legislative, administrative and judicial powers as well as supreme controlling functions. 2, (2007): 140, Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair as Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia," Slavonica, Vol. Any disagreements between the Chief Procurator and the Senate were to be settled by the monarch. In the 19th century, the Senate evolved into the highest judicial body in Russia. 2, (2007): 139, When Peter introduced a more systematic form of administration in the Russian Empire through the ", United States Declaration of Independence. The shooter Kakhovsky was executed by hanging, together with four other leading Decembrists: Pavel Pestel; the poet Kondraty Ryleyev; Sergey Muravyov-Apostol; and Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin. The move to Petrovsky Zavod, however, forced Decembrists to divide into smaller groups; the new location was compartmentalized, with an oppressive sense of order. [19][20] The journey eastward was fraught with hardship; yet for many, it offered refreshing changes in scenery and peoples, following imprisonment. They were great figures that had suffered political persecution for their loyalty to the people. 2, (2007): 137, Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair as Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia," Slavonica, Vol. It did not have revolutionary plans and the society was called the Union of Prosperity. All civil administration was not only de jure subordinated to the Senate, but de facto as well. Thus, it was gradually stripped of its principal powers. Not only was the Senate deprived of its political influence, its internal administration was also restricted. Senate and Synod Building seen from the Neva River, Senate and Synod Building and the Bronze Horseman, Arch of Senate and Synod Building designed by Carlo Rossi, Statues of Justice and Virtue on the Senate and Synod Building, Statue of Themis on the Senate and Synod Building, Bronze Horseman (Monument to Peter the Great). [15] Eventually, Nicholas (the new tsar) appeared in person at the square, and sent Count Mikhail Miloradovich to parley with the rebels. The number of the Senate’s departments varied during 19-20th centuries. The Senate was composed of several departments, two of which were Courts of Cassation (one for criminal cases, one for civil cases).

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