Parental leaves are a modest budget expenditure, but should constitute an essential part of any country’s child and family policy and an essential component of a country’s early childhood education and care policy. Job-protected leaves following childbirth (and, more recently, adoption) have become the policy norm in almost all industrialized countries, and are paid for through statutory sickness (temporary disability) benefits, unemployment insurance benefits, family allowance systems, employment benefits, or as a separate social insurance benefit. However, little is known about the determinants, circumstances or consequences of paternal leave-taking. Parental leave is therefore an important accommodation, designed to increase the ability of families to balance the needs of the workplace and home. In their study of outcomes for children in the U.S., Berger, Hill, and Waldfogel compared children whose mothers were still at home at twelve weeks after childbirth (the maximum leave permitted under the U.S. Family and Medical Leave Act) with those whose mothers returned to work earlier.8-9 They found that children whose mothers returned to work in less than twelve weeks fared worse on a number of health and development outcomes. It helps each parent to contribute parental care and also access the earning and prestige that spring from participation in the labor market. It can last for months, even years, if taken flexibly or part-time and depending on the generosity of the leave regime. Haas LL & Hwang CP (2013), Fatherhood and social policy in Scandinavia, In Shwalb DW, Shwalb BJ & Lamb ME (Eds. Others may breathe guilty sighs of relief as they escape each morning to their peaceful offices. Parental leave normalises caring fatherhood in the workplace by making fathers visible and embedding fatherhood into company culture. Fathers' work-family concerns are an important part of National Work and Family Month. More recently, child rearing, paternity, and parental leaves were developed in response to the needs of working women (and parents), but also out of concern for child well-being. Traditional attitudes represent men as indispensable in the workplace, even when they have fatherhood responsibilities. Public policy and child outcomes: New evidence on parental leave and child health; May 12-13, 2005; Processed. In a study of 18 OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) advanced industrialized countries, Sakiko Tanaka assessed the outcomes of parental leave policies on child health outcomes.7 Covering more than three decades (1969-2000), her study confirms and updates Ruhm’s earlier work described above. A new academic study finds that men who take paternity leave are more likely to be involved in childcare activities later on, and that their kids do better on some cognitive ability tests. Children thrive best when parents share their care, research finds. With the dramatic rise in female labour force participation rates since the 1960s (especially among married women with young children), these policies have become increasingly important. Our results also indicate that fathers who take longer leave are more involved in child care-taking activities nine months later. Accessed November 12, 2020. Ruhm CJ. ), “Policies such as paternity leave and parental leave support the involvement of two parents.”. Practices introduced in Sweden and other Nordic countries, however, have helped distil some of the ingredients of success. For example, it can help with parent-child bonding. Now a third month has been added, and we are assessing the impact. A European Union (EU) directive mandating a paid 14-week maternity leave was adopted as a health and safety measure in 1992 and a directive mandating a three-month parental leave was enacted in 1998.1-3. Taking time off for the birth of your baby can be beneficial for both you and your baby. Article Purchase A change in the law that simply allows fathers to take parental leave allocated on a family basis (so the mother effectively forfeits that time) – works poorly and results in low paternal participation. Other design features are also vital for successful uptake of parental leave by fathers – flexibility, large numbers of days available over a lengthy period, high levels of pay replacement and application to those working in the casual and self-employed labour markets. Governments should support coparenting and fathers’ involvement in caring for children, for example, through parental leave. Enacting public policies that provide parents with paid leave from work to care for their young children is critical to the healthy development of children and families. Policies covering about one year of fully job‑protected leave and targeting parents with strong prior labour force attachment with benefits covering close to full wage replacement, and with a guaranteed place for a child from the age of one, in a good quality, affordable, out-of-home care facility appear to be garnering support. Benefits of Paternity Leave The birth of a child is an exciting milestone, but many dads discover that fatherhood is still a challenge — it's not easy balancing work and family life. The well-documented successes of same-sex parenting, be it by women or men – highlighted by Susan Golombok and others – demonstrate these points. 30 days to view or download: 4, pp. Fathers who take paternity leave can get to know their newborn, learn about infant care and share a precious time with the other parent. paternity leave) on … USD 407.00 PATERNITY LEAVE AND FATHERS’ INVOLVEMENT WITH THEIR YOUNG CHILDREN. Children whose fathers take even short spells of paternity leave do better. Waldfogel J. However, the patchy success of parental leave legislation demonstrates that some key ingredients are required. There was a further sharp increase in the number of days taken by fathers when a second “daddy month” was added in 2002. As more women are employed, more pay income tax and government revenues rise. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development, Stress and pregnancy (prenatal and perinatal), http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/parental-leave/according-experts/maternity-paternity-and-parental-leave-policies-potential-impacts, To support family work and child rearing and to create an incentive for women to leave the labour force when children are very young; or, To facilitate women’s work outside the home and help reconcile work and family life by protecting and promoting the well-being of children while their parent(s) are in the labour force; or. Paternity leave is a good start to fatherhood, but well-designed parental leave underpins the sharing of care that boosts early childhood development. Paternity leave and child development The dad dividend. For most children, Mom and Dad – or a variant including step-parents – are likely to represent the best chance of experiencing such coparenting.

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