The stories of feral cases cited above prove that people reared among animals away from human being remain animals in habits. MacIver has cited three cases in which infants were isolated from all social relationships to make experiments about man’s social nature. Although the individual is a product of his society, sometimes more or less serious opposition between him and some aspects of his society may arise. Therefore, to ascribe a mind to society and to place it by the side of individual mind fails to do justice to the individuality of the social being. However, as in case of individual, who can deviate from the course of nature and is occasionally even dehumanized, a society may also be diverted from its natural course and be dehumanized. On the basis of the above resemblance Spencer concluded that society is an organism; it is a social organism. In other words, what types of relations exist between the individual and the social system? When we say that our minds are closely identified in the furtherance of a cause, we only use a metaphor indicating that we are jointly co-operating towards that cause. Maclver, Parsons, Cooley have given functional definition of society. The field is broad and includes geography’s two centuries of emphasis on humankind’s interaction with and modifications of natural systems, as well as newer interests in conflicts over natural resources and environmental change, assessments of the … The relationship between individual and society is not one sided as these theories seem to indicate. Social interaction is that dynamic force which modifies the attitudes and behaviour of the participants. It stands beyond doubt that man is a social animal. Man can be called a social animal on three bases: Firstly, man is a social animal by nature. “Mind may communicate with mind, but one never becomes the other.” The coordination or even integration which belongs to the mental acts of various individuals is never the co-ordination which belongs to the acts of a single individual. McDougall’s identification of mental system with a mind is not correct. Conceptualizing society, the anthropologist confronts a paradoxical problem. It is not one or a few particular needs or tendencies of man that compel him to live in society but without it his personality cannot come into being. The need for self-preservation, which is felt by every being makes a man social Therefore, it is not due to his nature alone but also due to his necessities that man lives in society. through exchange or barter may bring some into relation; joint action and division of labour may be found necessary for the achievement of some common end which the individual alone may not be able to secure. According to Spencer the state is subject to the same laws of growth and decay to which the human body is. The society is not, and cannot be an organism: it is like an organism. There are mainly two theories of the relationship of man and society which have been propounded by several writers. We must reject any view of this pattern that sees the relationship between individual and society from merely the one or the other side.”, © 2017 SociologyDiscussion - All rights reserved Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us. Man is a single species, so human societies, also, have the same nature, substance, and essence. He then reacts not to the behaviour as such but to the inferred meaning of it, and the other person likewise reacts to his response. The social contract theory has already been described. It has its youth, its prime, its old age and death. The mind of e man without society, as feral cases show, remains the mind of an infant at the age of adulthood. The relationship between them is not one-sided, both are essential for the comprehension of either. Wright writes, “Though society is real thing, it means in essence a state or condition, a relationship and is therefore necessarily an abstraction”. Herbert Spencer himself took note of these differences and on their basis he built up his individualistic theory. The nature of something means the essential characteristics or qualities of that thing. Before we proceed to examine the true relationship between individual and society we may just see in what sense man can be called a social animal. Neither the society itself has a. value beyond the service which it renders to its members, nor can the individuals thrive without society. As Giddings defines, “Society is the union itself, the organisation, the sum of formal relations in which associating individuals are bound together.” This definition of society places the emphasis upon its organisational aspect. The human infant is s completely helpless that he must be given care by society. In his book, The Group-Mind, published first in 1920, he writes, “The aggregate of individual units which is a society, has a certain individuality, is a true whole which in great measure determines the nature and the whole of activity of its parts; it is an organic whole. By T. H. Green, F. H. Bradley, and B. Bosanquet in.! 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