or does “begat” mean “was the ancestor of?” The answer to these questions depends mainly upon the insoluble problem of the chronology; but we may note (1) that since no other Gilead is mentioned, we should naturally infer that this is the grandson of Manasseh; and (2) that the fact referred to in the obscure genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7:14-17 seems to show that the family of Manasseh had Syrian (Aramean) connections, and Jephthah’s mother may have been an Aramitess from the district of Tob. But it is difficult to bring Jephthah's vow within the legitimate range (see on [222]Le 27:28). He is of dubious birth and lineage. For an ass there was the alternative of breaking its neck. He is an outcast living on the periphery of society, a powerful figure, a brigand, who gathers around him worthless and reckless men (compare Judges 9:4 to 11:3). I am Yahweh.’ This demonstrates that the basic principle was that, as Yahweh’s, the firstborn sons should theoretically be offered to Him and sacrificed. They were not suitable for service in the Tabernacle. Bullinger's Companion bible Notes". Such dedications were clearly a feature of the times. But they were not commonplace. Jephthah’s ill-usage began before he was born, and it was continued down to the last Old Testament Commentary and the last Bible Dictionary that treats of Jephthah’s name. One respectable scholar, Goslinga, who contends that Jephthah did actually kill his daughter, concedes that the “perpetual virgin” view is also possible. The “and” (Heb., vau) of verse 30 may be an idiom in the sense of “or” (cf. I am Yahweh’ (Numbers 3:12-13). This was then to be followed by their total ‘dedication’ to Yahweh because they had now been bought by Him, resulting in their subsequent service in His sanctuary, later substituted by the Levites. But if, indeed, Jephthah's daughter was sacrificed in gruesome and flagrant disobedience to God, this added statement about knowing no man would seem to be superfluous and inane; it only appears to make sense if she continued in a state of celibacy after Jephthah fulfilled his vow. Remember that the sacred writer says: “What shall I more say? "Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible". 1859. vowed a vow. "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Unabridged". Note; (1.) This especially comes out in that God then chose to replace these firstborn with the Levites. Empowered by Hashem, Jephthah defeats the Ammonites, becomes leader of the Gileadites and goes on to lead them for six years (Judg 12:7). ‘Sanctify to me all the firstborn. Not only is his vow questionable, but so is his early life. [John 1:12-13] We read in our Chronicles of one Faustus, the son of Vortiger, who wept himself blind for the sin of his incestuous parents. Some of their arguments are as follows. Chemosh was the god of the Moabites, not the Ammonites (Num 21:29). As the narrative progresses Jephthah moves from an outcast to the accepted leader of the Gileadites. The Law made clear that neither man nor ass could be offered as a whole offering to Yahweh. Possibly “Gilead” here denotes the heir of Gilead, the head of the family, whose individual name has not been preserved, nor the time when he lived. (Leviticus 18:21; 20:2; Deuteronomy 12:31-32; 18:10-12). Does Jephthah actually fulfill his vow by sacrificing his only daughter, or does she simply live her life as a virgin dedicated to God? Perplexed and confused, yea, rash and inconsiderate, to say no worse of it, out of a preposterous zeal. And Gilead - One of the children of that ancient Gilead, Numbers 32:1. But that women did serve ‘at the door of the Tabernacle’ we know (Exodus 38:8; 1 Samuel 2:22), and while they were not particularly required to be virgins, for after all they had not all been ‘offered up’ to Yahweh, there may well have been some dedicated virgins there. All these factors are absent in the case of Jephthah who used it technically in terms of the cult. (1) ‘You may be disreputable in birth, but illustrious in faith! "Commentary on Judges 11:1". His father seems to have belonged to the tribe of Manasseh (1 Chronicles 7:14; 1 Chronicles 7:17). ; Fausset, A. R.; Brown, David. No doubt, he learned a powerful lesson that day. Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a valiant warrior, but he was the son of a harlot. for time would fail to tell of Gideon, of Barak, of Samson, and of Jephthah.” Take heart; men will be quite glad to catch up any brickbat to throw at you, when they find that you are distancing them: but no weapon that is formed against you will prosper—by faith you will conquer.’, (2) ‘Jephthah the Gileadite was the most ill-used man in all the Old Testament, and he continues to be the most completely misunderstood, misrepresented, and ill-used man down to this day. Hebrew Zona, Josue ii. This is brought out in that the firstborn of cattle had to be offered up as sacrifices, and the firstborn of men redeemed by the offering up of a substitute. In the meantime, the Ammonites muster their troops for war. Her death might even be regarded as an act of martyrdom, not unlike Samson’s willingness to die for the sake of his God and his people. Yet it still appears that the vow was rash and unwise. Judges 11:1. There would therefore be no question in the mind of Israel that if a human being was ‘sanctified to Yahweh’, whether by oath or any other way, that human being must be ‘offered’ by being redeemed and replaced by a clean animal, as originally happened with their firstborn. The man would then be ‘adopted’ as a Levite, servicing the sanctuary, like Samuel. As he probably expected, the children of Ammon did not agree with what he said, so he prepared to give battle. 1909-1922. But, as we have seen, in the former case the child was offered to God but not slain, as Jephthah would well know, while the latter was a much later description in an area closely involved with a god who demanded human sacrifices and is descriptive of what literally happened. Gilead begat Jephthah.—We are here met by the same questions as those which concern Tola and Jair. The girl went into the mountains to bewail her virginity, not her impending death (11:37). John Trapp Complete Commentary. He was devastated, but eventually he fulfilled the vow. A new sentence commences; (Cajetan) so that it is not clear that Jephte was moved to make this vow by the spirit of the Lord; else it could not be blamed. believe that Jephthah did not sacrifice his daughter as a burnt offering; rather, it is argued that he devoted her, as a virgin, to the service of Jehovah for the remainder of her life. Notice the specific emphasis on burn, not used by Jephthah. So in Jephthah a fearless loyalty and complete surrender of himself to God were united with a terrible fanaticism—a fanaticism that in the very height of triumph plunged him and his friends into the depth of anguish; that at the moment when his most eager desires were gratified inflicted on him the cruellest loss; that brought on his name a terrible stigma, and has made him from generation to generation an object of horror to almost every reader of the Bible.

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